Mammals: Whales People often think of whales as the largest fish in the ocean. However, whales are not fish at all! Like humans, whales are mammals, but since they live in the ocean, they are known as marine mammals. The blue whale is the largest living mammal on earth. What sets whales apart from fish is that they have lungs. This means that they cannot breathe underwater and need to swim to the surface for air. Dolphins are another type of marine mammal that need to come to the surface of the water for air. Unlike fish, whales do not lay eggs, but give birth to live young. Whales are also warm-blooded, which means that they need to eat food on a regular basis to keep themselves warm. This is why whales have a thick layer of fat on their body that helps them stay warm in the freezing temperatures of the ocean water.

Passage 2

Mammals: Walruses

Walruses are one of the best-known marine mammals. Although they are considered marine mammals, they can survive on land and in water. Walruses are found in the cold regions of the Arctic, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans. Since walruses are warm-blooded, they have a thick layer of fat on their bodies to keep themselves warm. They also have thick flippers that help them catch fish in water and move around on land. Walruses can stay underwater for about 30 minutes, which helps them hunt for shrimp, crabs, and corals.
Since walruses are mammals, they directly give birth to their young. Also, being mammals, walruses nurse their young for a year after birth. Their breeding process takes place in the ocean, but their babies are born on land. Like walruses, seals are mammals that have the ability to survive on land and in water. The typical lifespan of walruses is 40 years.

After reading both passages, what can the reader understand about marine mammals?
A.
Marine mammals only have fish and corals in their diet.
B.
Most marine mammals live in cold regions such as the Arctic.
C.
Marine mammals can stay on land only for a short period of time.
D.
Most marine mammals live in water, but some can also survive on land.

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