(10POINTS)

What does the word “this” referring in the final line of the poem ~sonnet 18~

Select the correct answer. in this excerpt from "a modest proposal" by johnathan swift, what does the author list? i can think of no one objection, that will possibly be raised against this proposal, unless it should be urged, that the number of people will be thereby much lessened in the kingdom. this i freely own, and 'twas indeed one principal design in offering it to the world. i desire the reader will observe, that i calculate my remedy for this one individual kingdom of ireland, and for no other that ever was, is, or, i think, ever can be upon earth. therefore let no man talk to me of other expedients: of taxing our absentees at five shillings a pound: of using neither cloaths, nor houshold furniture, except what is of our own growth and manufacture: of utterly rejecting the materials and instruments that promote foreign luxury: of curing the expensiveness of pride, vanity, idleness, and gaming in our women: of introducing a vein of parsimony, prudence and temperance: of learning to love our country, wherein we differ even from laplanders, and the inhabitants of topinamboo: of quitting our animosities and factions, nor acting any longer like the jews, who were murdering one another at the very moment their city was taken: of being a little cautious not to sell our country and consciences for nothing: of teaching landlords to have at least one degree of mercy towards their tenants. lastly, of putting a spirit of honesty, industry, and skill into our shop-keepers, who, if a resolution could now be taken to buy only our native goods, would immediately unite to cheat and exact upon us in the price, the measure, and the goodness, nor could ever yet be brought to make one fair proposal of just dealing, though often and earnestly invited to it. a. reforms that had failed to improve ireland's situation b. the unrealistic measures discussed by irish government officials c. viable measures that could improve ireland's situation d. measures that would unify the populace of ireland

Read this excerpt from "hope, despair and memory" and answer the question. and yet it is surely human to forget, even to want to forget. the ancients saw it as a divine gift. indeed if memory us to survive, forgetting allows us to go on living. how could we go on with our daily lives, if we remained constantly aware of the dangers and ghosts surrounding us? the talmud tells us that without the ability to forget, man would soon cease to learn. without the ability to forget, man would live in a permanent, paralyzing fear of death. only god and god alone can and must remember everything. which of the following is true about the above excerpt? ethos is used in reference to “dangers and ghosts.” logos is used in saying all men forget and want to forget, because the talmud also praised forgetting. ethos is used in referring to the ancients, the talmud, and god. pathos is used without loaded language.

Who is ¨ the guilty party¨ at the end of the text, and how do his actions contribute to the storys theme?