Why does hurston open the novel with an analogy?

What does sterling brown mean when he mentions the chain gang a.) brown is referring to people in general, who are chained in their minds. b.) brown is referring to slaves in chains c.) brown is referring to gangs in the ghetto chained to their crimes and poverty d.) brown is referring to men perhaps prisoners singing/chanting while working.

Agood persuasive essay topic cannot be a. a fact b. debatable c. something somebody else has already written about

Which words from the excerpt most contribute to the patriotic tone