Essay Prompt: Fake news and Biased reporting influences through the use of persuasive tools. Which are used [ logos, pathos and ethos] in your text/articles? What might be the impact on groups within a society? Why? How does that impact/ nfluence and affect society as a whole? Explain what Fake news and biased reporting are. Include the modes or methods are used to communicate these fallacies to the public. Which are the most effective and why? How can we clarify fake from factual news. Properly cite and summarize your 2+ articles. In a one page essay address this topic and demonstrate your understanding of the issue and methods to safe guard against their influences.

Although the rise of fake news is posing an increasing threat to societies worldwide, little is known about what associations the term ‘fake news’ activates in the public mind. Here, we report a psychological bias that we describe as the ‘fake news effect’: the tendency for partisans to use the term ‘fake news’ to discount and discredit ideologically uncongenial media sources. In a national sample of the US population (N = 1000), we elicited top-of-mind associations with the term ‘fake news’. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find evidence that both liberals and conservatives freely associate traditionally left-wing (e.g. CNN) and right-wing (e.g. Fox News) media sources with the term fake news. Moreover, conservatives are especially likely to associate the mainstream media with the term fake news and these perceptions are generally linked to lower trust in media, voting for Trump, and higher belief in conspiracy theories.

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