Which best states the cause/effect relationship expressed in the excerpt

How can you paraphrase this, this is about golden age fallacies. these are all rational people who know that older is not necessarily better, but many are taken in by this fallacy and seem no longer able to reason with any degree of reliability

How does the author's use of hyperbole to characterize jim smily? a) it characterizes smily as an introverted loner who prefers books to people. b) it characterizes smily as a man who is kind and nurturing toward others who are less fortunate. c) it characterizes smily as a man who is evil and vindictive toward any one who crosses his path. d) it characterizes smily as a man who is a risk-taker who willing bets on anything and with anyone.

Which of the following pronouns are singular