Instructions Read the following passage from the informational text “Donna O’Meara: The Volcano Lady,” which uses a variety of text structures to organize information. For each text excerpt in the chart, choose the organizational pattern that best describes how that part of the text is structured.

When Donna went back to school at the age of 32 to study science, her passion for volcanoes began. She took geology classes to learn more about what rocks and soil tell us about the earth. She found out that volcanism is one of the most dynamic forces in nature. Volcanoes constantly shape and change the earth. Many islands, such as the islands that make up Hawaii, were formed by volcanic activity.

In 1986, Donna visited her first volcano as Steve’s research assistant. After dodging lava bombs and feeling the heat from underground lava melting her shoes, Donna was hooked. The following year, she and Steve were married on lava that had oozed from Kilauea on Hawaii and hardened. Lava that hardens creates new landforms, and some volcanoes, such as Surtsey off the coast of Iceland, actually create new islands! (paragraphs 5–6)
“When Donna went back to school at the age of 32 to study science, her passion for volcanoes began. She took geology classes to learn more about what rocks and soil tell us about the earth.”

Answer choices for the above question

A. chronological order

B. cause-and-effect
“She found out that volcanism is one of the most dynamic forces in nature. Volcanoes constantly shape and change the earth. Many islands, such as the islands that make up Hawaii, were formed by volcanic activity.”

Answer choices for the above question

A. chronological order

B. cause-and-effect
“In 1986, Donna visited her first volcano as Steve’s research assistant. After dodging lava bombs and feeling the heat from underground lava melting her shoes, Donna was hooked. The following year, she and Steve were married on lava that had oozed from Kilauea on Hawaii and hardened.”

Answer choices for the above question

A. chronological order

B. sequential order
“Lava that hardens creates new landforms, and some volcanoes, such as Surtsey off the coast of Iceland, actually create new islands!”

Answer choices for the above question

A. chronological order

B. cause-and-effect