What type of bias is the author displaying in the passage ?

Ineed quick me on this one and others

How does this excerpt develop the central idea that espionage during the civil war was often carried out by untrained citizens? it enhances the reader’s understanding by explaining why training was unnecessary. it changes the reader’s perception of what information a spy was able to obtain. it explains an ordinary person’s motivation for conducting espionage against the enemy. it adds moral complexity to espionage, due to the use of secret and dangerous methods.

“speak up for tory principles” in his political speech, disraeli addresses the principles of the tory party. explain what they are and how he relates them to the condition of the people. use textual evidence to support your claim