Publishers often add to a text to help readers understand the meaning of old words. context
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English testmatch ! match the definition to the term. 1 . adjective phrase a verb form (which may end in -ing ) used as an adjective 2 . phrase a verb form used as another part of speech 3 . restrictive clause a verb form ending in -ing used as a noun 4 . verb phrase group of words without a subject and verb used as single part of speech 5 . gerund phrase verb form preceded by to that is used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb 6 . participle phrase beginning with a preposition 7 . verbal prepositional phrase modifying a noun or pronoun 8 . adverb phrase participle with complements and modifiers 9 . coordinating conjunction verb ending in -ing used with a verb 10 . gerund prepositional phrase modifying a verb, adjective, or adverb 11 . prepositional phrase a conjunction that joins words or groups of words of equal rank 12 . infinitive an adjective clause that is essential to the meaning of the sentence 13 . participial phrase a verbal form ending in -ing with its object and modifiers used as a noun

What effect is created by the plaque posted on the gate at the entrance to the family's home in nadine gordimer's "once upon a time"? the words written on the plaque offer readers a foreshadowing of the story's outcome without revealing the actual conclusion, the author's use of flashback allows readers to understand what is at the heart of the issues of encroachment in the suburban neighborhood the repetition of the words written on the plaque presents an oxymoron because readers already sense that the plaque has been ineffective in warding off intruders. the author introduces a paradox in which readers are presented with a warning notice when no actual infraction has taken place.

In twelve years a slave, northup realizes he cannot trust anyone after his kidnapping except hamilton and brown god the physician the women who gave him drink