In the beginning there was absolutely nothing, and what existed was covered by death and hunger. He thought, “Let me have a self,” and he created the mind. As he moved about . . . water was generated. Froth formed on the water . . . [which] solidified to become earth. . . . After resting, he divided himself in three parts [fire, sun, and air]. . . . He caused his self to split into two matching parts . . . and from them arose husband and wife. . . . and from their union arose the human beings of the earth. . . . She changed to a cow . . . he changed to a bull . . . and from their union cows arose. —The Principal Upanishads Based on the explanation of one of the elements, explain what some values of this culture might be.

Read the passage from sugar changed the world. sugar is different from honey. it offers a stronger sweet flavor, and like steel or plastic, it had to be invented. in the age of sugar, europeans bought a product made thousands of miles away that was less expensive than the honey from down the road. that was possible only because sugar set people in motion all across the world—millions of them as slaves, in chains; a few in search of their fortunes. a perfect taste made possible by the most brutal labor: that is the dark story of sugar. how does the comparison of sugar to honey reveal the authors’ purpose? it persuades readers that sugar tastes better than honey. it informs readers that there is a connection between slavery and sugar. it informs readers that honey had a major impact on society. it persuades readers that sugar is as important an invention as steel.