The cost of all these articles___risen

The answer is have.

Explanation:

This is a con junction that shows possession/ undergo.

Okay.

< > answer < >

multiple settings

< > reasoning \ evidence < >

novels have multiple settings. a setting is a place or surrounding when a main event or event takes place. not everything happens in just one scene or setting. yes, there can be one *main* setting, but there is definitely not just one. b is incorrect. novels do not have limited characters. there are many characters in a novel, depending on how many the writer wishes to add in. c is incorrect. there is not just a single theme. there are many themes. another word for "theme" is the subject. there can be many subjects and topics. once again, there are many, depending on however many the author wishes to add or include. d is incorrect. yes, novels *can* have no solutions, based on what the author would like. but typically, novels have a solution. the solution might be in "book 5", but there is normally still a solution.

< > eclipsed < >

"the sandy walls seemed to collapse in on themselves"

and

"the bloodshot waters seemed to have no bottom"