9. On the basis of the selection, we can infer that Carlin a. prefers cats to dogs.
b. has probably rescued stray animals before.
c. would like to adopt any more animals.
d. once thought about becoming a veterinarian.
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T

the sentence does not violate the phrase structure second rule (introduced by noam chomsky) because noun phrases consist of a determiner such as a, the or every, and a noun. in the sentence, the noun phrase the cake includes a determiner (the) and a noun (cake).

on the other hand, the first rule indicates that a sentence encloses a noun phrase, followed by a verb phrase. the example sentence can be analysed as follows:

john (n) + ate (v) + the (det) + cake (n).

well if u read the book you would know that she meant to