Based on the context clue, what is the meaning of the graven in these lines?

When the subject of a sentence performs the action in the sentence the verb in the sentence is in the what ?

For which cause did swift not write? the tory government the devaluation of irish coins the whig wars under william iii the starvation in ireland

Langston hughes cited walt whitman as one of his greatest influences and some believe that hughes wrote "i, too, sing america" in response to whitman's "i hear america singing." using on whitman's poem. consider aspects such as structure, there, word, choice, etc., as you craft your response. your response will be scored on how well you: -demonstrate your understanding of the ideas of the text -use evidence from the text to develop and support your ideas -organize your response in a logical manner -demonstrate an appropriate writing style through the use of precise word choice and varied sentences -use standard conventions for writing