Which element is not required for the personal narrative essay?
a. plot
b. characters
c. setting
d. research

research

A personal narrative essay is all about the author. In a personal narrative the author tells a story about a specific moment in his or her life. It is autobiographical. There is no research required since the author is writing a first person account of something that happened to himself. There should be a plot, characters and setting typical to any story since a personal narrative is a true story about the author's life.

tending to cause harm

i would say that these are the two thesis statements best for a literary analysis essay on recurring themes in shakespeare's romeo and juliet:

1.  in romeo and juliet, shakespeare demonstrates that love comes in a variety of forms, be it romantic, familial, or between friends.

2.  shakespeare explores the struggle for identity through the character of juliet in his play romeo and juliet.

the other theses aren't reoccurring in this play. 

explanation: