Which of the following was a major difference between the first civilizations and the civilizations of the classical era

You did not provide the possible answers, however, one of the major differences was that the first civilizations in the classical era had a much more elaborate and a developed political system that was often democratic and had parliaments, senates, voters, and similar, while first civilizations, often called river valley civilizations, often had absolutist monarchs.

The answer is 2) to show the depth of the colonists’ commitment to independence