12345678910 excerpt from reconstruction frederick douglass from atlantic monthly 18 (1866): 761-765 10 in reconstructing the institutions of these shattered and overthrown states, congress should begin with a clean slate, and make clean work of it. let there be no hesitation. it would be a cowardly deference to a defeated and treacherous president, if any account were made of the illegitimate, one-sided, sham governments hurried into existence for a malign purpose in the absence of congress. these pretended governments, which were never submitted to the people, and from participation in which four millions of the loyal people were excluded by presidential order, should now be treated according to their true character, as shams and impositions, and supplanted by true and legitimate governments, in the formation of which loyal men, black and white, shall participate. which constitutional principle most explicitly applies to the last four sentences of section 10? a) republicanism: republicanism is the right to vote for representatives. b) individual rights: individual rights are personal freedoms guaranteed by the bill of rights. c) balance of power: balance of power assures that controls are made on the other government branches. d) separation of powers: separation of powers involves the three branches that make, enforce, or interpret laws.