Read the following excerpt from levitt and dubner's freakonomics
there is a tale, "the ring of gyges," that feldman sometimes tells his economist friends. it comes from plato's
republic. a student named glaucon offered the story in response to a lesson by socrates-who, like adam smith,
argued that people are generally good even without enforcement. glaucon, like feldman's economist friends,
disagreed. he told of a shepherd named gyges who stumbled upon a secret cavern with a corpse inside that wore a
ring. when gyges put on the ring, he found that it made him invisible. with no one able to monitor his behavior,
gyges proceeded to do woeful things-seduce the queen, murder the king, and so on. glaucon's story posed a moral
question: could any man resist the temptation of evil if he knew his acts could not be witnessed? glaucon seemed to
think the answer was no.
the excerpt serves as which of the following in relation to the authors' argument?
a claim that most people are moral
an example of morality in the workplace
a conclusion about morality in the workplace
a counterclaim to the idea that most people are moral
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The answer is: a counterclaim to the idea that most people are moral

Explanation:

The center of this excerpt is a tale of originating from Plato`s book Republic. In this tale Socrates who was Plato`s teacher claimed people are generally good, however, one of his students Glaucon claimed the opposite.

The central part of this tale is Glaucon`s explanation of his counterclaim with the moral question arising from this, so the author paraphrases this story emphasizing its counterclaim to the idea of the people`s morality.

  plan: i will begin with a quotation about the importance of unity in a community. then, i will state my claim that an activity will unite our school by creating a shared vision, purpose, and direction. in the body, i will use three main points that describe the different avenues the students can take: through a variety of clubs, through a special event, or through an awareness week. i will provide evidence about other towns that have unity activities and the kinds of events that they include. pictures will illustrate my three main points in action. for the ending, i will restate the main idea in a new way and pose a question to keep the audience thinking. 

anyone who was dealing with communism in soviet union in his time had an ideal picture of equality, freedom, the struggle of the working class for a better future, the success of the aristocracy's overthrow and the emancipation of subjugation.   however, anyone who would go to soviet union to see the functioning of the communist system, would be convinced that it was about sad people, about everyday bad life, about the brutal attitude of communist leaders, about ill obsession to completely exterminate every thought on aristocracy. thus, orwell wanted to show all the absurdity, the brutality of the system, the unbearable rule of suspicious morality, the ignorant people who try to play professionally.

the answers are: b. and e.