Nicolas has autistic disorder and is mute. a therapist working with nicolas initially gave him a piece of chocolate any time he made a sound with his lips. this slowly changed until nicolas only received a piece of chocolate for saying complete words, and eventually only for saying complete sentences. in this example, nicolas developed speech skills through the use of

Shaping

Explanation:

In psychology, shaping refers to the process of reinforcing successively closer and closer approximations to a desired terminal behavior.

Shaping has different stages:

As you can see shaping starts by reinforcing any response that resembles the desired terminal behavior and then it finishes by reinforcing only the terminal behavior.

In this example, the therapist initially gave him a piece of chocolate any time he made a sound with his lips. Then he only received a piece of chocolate for saying complete words. Finally, he would get the chocolate for saying complete sentences.

Thus, this is an example of shaping, since the reinforcements where changing as the behavior got closer and closer to the terminal desired behavior.

the first proposition is to question economic materialism and victorian christianity. the lines are:

“it moves us not.—great god! i'd rather be

a pagan suckled in a creed outworn; ”

wordsworth is stating that nature no longer interests mankind, that the latter is not “moved” by it and explains that ancient western paganism had a more positive attitude concerning nature since it lacked the perv erted judaeo-christian interpretation of having received the world and all its animals and elements from god to use as we , instead of humans actually being not only part of nature but its wardens, meant to appreciate it and protect it.

the next lines are:

“so might i, standing on this pleasant lea,

have glimpses that would make me less forlorn;

have sight of proteus coming from the sea;

or hear old triton blow his wreathed horn.”

wordsworth here make it very clear that by actually looking and contemplating nature, human beings would reconnect with happiness, serenity and purpose. the use of mythological figures is quite evocative as well, proteus is a greek mythological god of the changing sea. he personifies the sea that changes, which symbolizes the way nature changes and inevitably can change to be destructive not only due to natural causes but to human pollution. furthermore, the sea is even more symbolic since all life originated in the sea so it is not only our past but our future since no life form in our planet can survive without water and if all water is destroyed in earth all life will be gone as well.

he then uses triton which is symbolic of the synthesis of both nature and mankind. triton is a mythological greek god that has the upper body of a man and the lower body of a fish (a merman). this human fish duality evokes the fact that humans are not only human but also part of nature, the fish tail representing nature. the main attribute of this god was that he used a conch shell as a horn to calm the roaring seas. in other words, triton uses nature through science for the benefit of human sailors who risk death during tempests. with the use of such metaphor, wordworth is conveying the message that human technology   is supposed to use nature to preserve nature and thereby humanity as well.