Aresearcher shows 3-year-old emilia two small boxes—a familiar crayon box and a plain, unmarked box. when the researcher asks emilia to pick the box with the crayons in it, emilia picks the familiar box. the researcher then shows emilia that the familiar box is empty and the unmarked box contains crayons. finally, the researcher introduces emilia to a puppet named betty and asks, "where do you think betty will look for the crayons? " the researcher is testing emilia’s grasp of

Conservation

Explanation:

Jean Piaget's theory of conservation(in psychology) implies an individual's ability to think logically that assists him/her to decide that the quantity remains the same regardless of the container it is put in or its shape or size. Piaget's theory of conservation assists to observe the development of a child's understanding across different ages. Thus, the researcher in the given situation is testing Emilia's grasp of conservation, i.e. her logical thinking ability to understand things. Hence, the answer is 'conservation'.

this is b. how railways dealt with people riding the trains without paying