The first level of moral development, in people make decisions based on selfish reasons.

Pre-conventional Level

Explanation:

Pre-conventional Level is the initial stage out of Kohlberg's three stages of moral(psychological) development. Lawrence Kohlberg, a famous cognitive theorist describes that the sense of morality in a child is controlled externally which is based on their acceptance and belief of the rules set by authorities like teachers and parents. It elaborates that a child having pre-conventional morality is unable to differentiate between right and wrong and instead their opinions are shaped by the external consequences brought by particular actions. Thus, people make decisions based on selfish reasons in pre-conventional level as they are unaware of the reality principle at this stage.

because the monkey liked the beaf

explanation:

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each year on this day, i make it a point to listen to dr. martin luther king jr.’s great “i have a dream” speech. it’s electrifying every single time.

the content of dr. king’s speech, his inspiring presence, and the moment in history all came together to make the iconic “i have a dream” speech the defining moment of the american civil rights movement. but there are several other reasons why this speech, delivered over 50 years ago, remains an example of one of the best speeches in american history.

since part of my job is to people become better presenters, i’ve noticed several techniques that we can all learn from and be inspired by in this magnificent speech.

it’s anchored in a powerful related location

in most cases, you can’t handpick the spot to give a presentation, as mlk did for supreme symbolic effect when he stood on the steps of the lincoln memorial and echoed the opening words of the gettysburg address (“five score years ago . . ). but you absolutely can amplify your message by adapting it to your setting and location.