The land and the name
bandini and warren

1 once upon a time, about four hundred years ago, there was published in old spain a novel which soon became unusually popular. the successful story of those days was one which caught the fancy of the men, was read by them, discussed at their gatherings, and often carried with them when they went to the wars or in search of adventures. this particular story would not interest readers of today save for this passage: "know that on the right hand of the indies there is an island called california, very near the terrestrial paradise, and it is peopled by black women who live after the fashion of amazons. this island is the strongest in the world, with its steep rocks and great cliffs, and there is no metal in the island but gold."

2 there is no doubt that some bold explorer, crossing over from spain to mexico and enlisting under the leadership of the gallant cortez, sailed the unknown south sea (the pacific) and gave to the new land discovered by one of cortez's pilots the name of the golden island in this favorite story.

3 this land, thought to be an island, is now known to us as the peninsula of lower california. the name first appeared in 1542 on the map of domingo castillo, and was soon applied to all the land claimed by spain from cape san lucas up the coast as far north as 44¼, which was probably a little higher than any spanish explorer had ever sailed.

4 "sir francis drake," says the old chronicle, "was the first englishman to sail on the back side of america," and from that time until now california has been considered the back door of the country. this was natural because the first settlements in the united states were along the atlantic seacoast. the people who came from england kept their faces turned eastward, looking to the mother country for , and watching europe, and later england herself, as a quarter from which danger might come, as indeed it did in the war of the revolution and that of 1812.

5 during the last few years, however, various events have happened to change this attitude. through its success in the late spanish war the united states gained confidence in its own powers, while the people of the old world began to realize that the young republic of the western hemisphere, since it did not hesitate to make war in the interests of humanity, would not be apt to allow its own rights to be imposed upon. the coming of the philippine and hawaiian islands under the protection of the united states, the russo-japanese war, which opened the eyes of the world to the strength of japan and the wisdom of securing its trade, and the action of the united states in undertaking the building of the panama canal, are indications that the pacific will in the future support a commerce the greatness of which we of today cannot estimate.

6 with danger from european interference no longer pressing closely upon the nation, president roosevelt in 1907 took a decided step in recognizing the importance of the pacific when he sent to that coast so large a number of the most modern vessels of the navy. in fact, the nation may now be said to have faced about, california becoming the front door of our country.

1)
which is the best meaning for vessel as it is used in the last paragraph?
a) an airship
b) a spaceship
c) a craft for traveling on water, usually one larger than an ordinary rowboat; a ship or boat.
d) a tube or duct, as an artery or vein, containing or conveying blood or some other body fluid.
2)
which change to this passage would provide additional support to its details?
a) taking away the detail of domingo castillo's map first having the name "california" upon it
b) adding the name and author of the story that described the "island" of california
c) adding the author's personal favorite sights to see on the coast of california
d) taking away the unnecessary detail of roosevelt's moving so many naval ships to the californian coast
3)
what inference can be made when the last sentence in the text is compared and contrasted with the rest of the passage?
a) the nation has a new face in the pacific.
b) california and the pacific have grown in importance.
c) california is proud to be the back door of the country.
d) california has opened its doors to europeans since 1907.
4)
what is the main purpose of this passage?
a) to discuss a novel published in old spain
b) to follow the explorations of sir francis drake
c) to encourage more people to settle in california
d) to give an interesting account of the history of california