Jake is trying to teach his dog peach how to roll over. he first gives peach a treat whenever peach sits. next, he no longer rewards peach for sitting but rather gives peach a treat when the dog actually lies down. finally, jake rewards peach only when the dog rolls over. jake is using to train peach to roll over.
a. generalization. b. discrimination. c. shaping. d. extinction.

Jake is using C. shaping to train Peach to roll over.

Explanation:

In Psychology, shaping is the process of reinforcing behavior until it reaches a final desirable behavior. That means, when teaching an animal to do something, we should first reward the animal for any sort of response that resembles the target behavior. Later on, we should stop rewarding it for any response and only do it if the response is closer to our goal. This pattern should keep on going until the target behavior is achieved. The behaviorist B. F. Skinner did important researching on this matter and was even able to teach a pigeon how to bowl.

What Jake is doing with Peach is precisely that. First, he reinforces any desirable responses (sitting). With time, he stops rewarding any type of response but, instead, rewards the ones that more closely approximate the target behavior (lying down). Finally, he reinforces only the behavior he wanted Peach to learn (rolling over).

answer; ///(a) and (c) newspaper article and instruction manual; //so the answer is (e)

faulty parallelism is a grammar construction where there is no balance in the parts of a sentence they have a similar meaning but the grammar structure is not equivalent.

the correct version of this faulty parallelism in the sentence is:

jefferson wrote the declaration of independence, and he was the nation's third president.

the problem with the first version is that the sentence:

"jefferson was both the writer of the declaration of independence"

presents jefferson as both a subject and an agent for the verb "write" because if he was "the writer" then the declaration of independence was written by him, besides that fact, the sentence presents a dependent clause.

while the second sentence:

he was the nation's third president.

presents a basic subject+verb+object structure

so, to give a proper balance to the structure, or better said, to give a parallel structure, we must write a basic s+v+o structure in both sentences:

jefferson wrote the declaration of independence, and he was the nation third president.