What exactly is the function of a participle and how can one be identified in a sentence?

A participle is a form of a verb that has a similar role to an adjective or adverb because it is used in sentences to modify a noun, noun phrase, verb or verb phrase.

Depending on the tense, one could indentify the participle in the sentence  according to its ending: present participles of regular verbs end in -ing and past participles of regular verbs end in -ed.

Here are some examples:

This boring class makes me want to go home.

The healed child went back home.

a complex sentence consists of an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.  

to write complex sentences, we must use subordinating conjunctions.  

all the complex sentences begin with a subordinating conjunction and when it occurs, a comma must be place at the end of the dependent clause. on the contrary, if the sentence begins with an independent clause, then no comma is used.

after  

although  

as  

because  

before  

if  

since  

when  

for example,  

after she won the competition, she became very popular.  

although my father was hurt, he continued fighting for his rights.  

as all of you got a ten, you will be able to leave early today.  

before he went to the war, he asked his parents to bless him.  

if it is cold, i won’t go out.  

since you didn’t bring the homework, you will get low grades.  

when it is hot in the town, everyone goes to the beach.