All experiments must: 1. gather consent from their volunteers (cant force or gather experimental data without informing them). 2. debrief volunteers (explain purpose and any deception used after experiment is over) 3. keep individual results confidential. 4. allow participants to quit the experiment at any point. 6. minimize emotional and physical pain on the part of participants. these rules were created to: a. ensure the scientific validity of an experiment
b. ensure the scientific reliability of an experiment
c. ensure that all experiments are ethical
d. ensure that all experiments are as unbiased as possible

The answer is c) ensure that all experiments are ethical.

Explanation:

The quoted rules were established as an ethical framework to protect the physical and mental integrity of participants in human research trials.

Regulations for human research were first established in 1906 and are constantly being updated as medicine and science advance into new territories.

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1. drag the central argument paine presents and its two claims to complete the chart. argument claims america may have flourished more had it not been under the power of any european country. america may have flourished under britain in the past, but there is no guarantee that it will continue to flourish in the future. america will continue to flourish as long as the essential food products it sells are bought and eaten in europe. the american colonies will no longer flourish when britain makes war against them. britain's king has shown himself to be prejudiced against the colonies, rather than wanting them to flourish.

2.select the sentence in this passage that can be classified as a false statement.

although few humans per year are attacked by polar bears, any individual attack can be terrifying and even fatal. the warming of arctic regions has allowed the intrusion of humans into the polar bears’ habitat, increasing the danger of harmful contacts. remaining alert and using precautions can humans avoid a negative encounter with a polar bear. traveling together and staying close to the group can humans avoid bear attacks. certain weapons, including nonlethal ones such as pepper spray, are effective against polar bears. once a bear has decided to attack, however, nothing can be done.

3.select the sentence in this passage that demonstrates the fallacy of making an extreme either-or claim.

the civil war was the bloodiest conflict in the history of the united states. more than 600,000 soldiers lost their lives. the fighting took place in many different cities and throughout the countryside. the wounded often suffered acute pain while in the field hospitals. they all should have asked for better care. william hammond, the surgeon general of the union army, created a new system of sanitary field care. if people do not accept hammond as the most important person from the civil war, they have no understanding of the war.