Read this sentence from a tale of two cities by charles dickens:
his message perplexed his mind to that degree that he was fain, several times, to take off his hat to scratch his head. based on the context, fain most likely means which of the following?
a. assumedb. determinedc. forcedd. fumbling

Match each persuasive technique with the excerpt that uses it. expert opinion association emotional appeal scientific data compared to the yearly average of 6.5 million square kilometers between 1979 and 2010 for september, the arctic sea ice shrank below 4 million square kilometers in september 2012, which is lower than any minimum value observed in the last three decades. (european environmental agency, “the melting arctic") arrowright according to morten olsen, chair of a recent arctic council assessment of changes on arctic snow-and ice-conditions, "changes in the climate and cryosphere risk fundamentally altering the arctic ecosystems." (european environmental agency, “the melting arctic") arrowright sip a cup of turbo brown to taste the liberating power of flying through your day's work like a cruising jet. arrowright if we don't step up our efforts, the melodious songs of these beautiful birds might be silenced forever. arrowright