Which of the following is a sound argument?
"if the moon is made of cheese, then donald trump is the president of mexico. the moon is made of cheese. therefore, donald trump is the president of mexico."
"either turkey is a country or new york is a country. new york is not a country. so turkey must be a country."
"i have seen millions of black crows. therefore, all crows must be black."
"if the earth is flat, then ted cruz is the president of the united states. the earth is not flat. therefore, ted cruz is not the president of the united states."

Read the excerpt from “take the tortillas out of your poetry.” i do not believe we should have to leave out the crucial elements of our language and culture to contribute to american literature, but, unfortunately, this is a conclusion i am forced to reach. i have been writing for a quarter century, and have been a published author for eighteen years. as a writer, i was part of the chicano movement which created a new literature in this country. which type of rhetoric is used most in the excerpt to convince readers that anaya’s conclusion is accurate? an appeal based on emotion an appeal based on logic an appeal based on the author’s character an appeal based on the author’s feelings