In a ballad the refrain creates emphasis and people remember the lines of the ballad

What effect does this excerpt have? the line of the horizon was clear and hard against the sky, and in one particular quarter it showed black against a silvery climbing [glow] that grew and grew. at last, over the rim of the waiting earth, the moon lifted with slow majesty till it swung clear of the horizon and rode off, free of *moorings; and once more they began to see surfaces—meadows wide-spread, and quiet gardens, and the river itself from bank to bank, all softly disclosed, all washed clean of mystery and terror, all radiant again as by day, but with a difference that was tremendous. their old haunts greeted them again in other *raiment, as if they had slipped away and put on this pure new apparel and come quietly back, smiling as they shyly waited to see if they would be recognized again under it. fastening their boat to a willow, the friends landed in this silent, silver kingdom, and patiently explored . . then a change began slowly to declare itself. the horizon became clearer, field and tree came more into sight, and somehow with a different look; the mystery began to drop away from them. a bird piped suddenly, and was still; and a light breeze sprang up . . rat . . sat up suddenly and listened with a passionate intentness. mole, who with gentle strokes was just keeping the boat moving while he scanned the banks with care, looked at him with curiosity.

Which techniques best describe the tone the author is using in this passage?

The author attributes papa's unforgivable behavior to which of the following? a. the painful memories connected with his 9-month ordeal in south dakota b. papa's increasing addiction to alcohol c. papa's unfulfilled need to be in charge of something and/or someone d. mama's emotional distance from papa