Read the excerpt from “the hammer of god.”

that was only the beginning of disaster: now the real tragedy began. nitric oxides rained from the air, turning the sea to acid. clouds of soot from incinerated forests darkened the sky, hiding the sun for months. worldwide, the temperature dropped precipitously, killing off most of the plants and animals that had survived the initial cataclysm.

which option is the accurate synonym for cataclysm as it is used in the excerpt?

“the hammer of god”

misfortune
fiasco
devastation
explosion

The right answer is thr C) Devastation.

Explanation: Just to elaborate a little on the answer, it can be added that the word cataclysm derives from the Greek word kataklysmós, which translates as "flooding." A cataclysm can be understood as both a large catastrophe caused by a natural phenomenon or by a flooding and as a significant disruption in the social or political order. In this excerpt, it must be interpreted as a large catastrophe, or a devastation, due to the terrible natural phenomena that it caused — sea turned to acid, incinerated forests, and so on.  

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)

i need the question options are if theres some?