Darwin’s voyage on the beagle and his subsequent work on evolution pushed human origins – and indeed the origins of life itself – into an unthinkably distant past. geologists had already demonstrated that the earth was far older than previously believed, undermining the calculation made by archbishop ussher (see chapter 2).

–a history of the world in 100 objects,
neil macgregor

based on context clues in the passage, what is the best definition of the word geologist?

a person who studies the earth
a kind of ship used for exploration
a type of religious leader
a period of change and uncertainty

A

Explanation:

I always thought that a geologists really studies rocks and rock formations.

Certainly he would not be a ship.

Nor would he be a religious leader. If that was so, Bishop Ussher estimate of the earth's age (6000 years old) would make a geologist a religious leader.

Darwin did bring in an age of change and uncertainty, but that is not the function of a geologist.

The closest answer is A

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)