Though macarthur and long use very different tones and styles, one purpose they have in common is to
a) bid their last farewells to their listeners.
b) show their listeners that fighting is sometimes needed.
c) ask their listeners to support them in their aims for higher office.
d) explain to their listeners that they alone are responsible for errors they've made.

The answer is B

Explanation:

They both show their listeners that fighting is sometimes needed, though MacArthur speaks of fighting for the country, while Long speaks of fighting for survival in society.

boccaccio employs the voice of his narrator dioneo to represent his ideas on the tension between masculinity and femininity.  while dioneo excites the members of the brigata and recognizes women for their unique skills and independent ideas, he concludes the decameron with a story reminiscent of the society from which these young aristocrats escaped, revealing misogynistic overtones.  dioneo boccaccio is able to explore the gender disparity which is inherent in 14th century florentine society.