Which characteristic allowed european universities to play a major role in launching the scientific revolution?
a. their ability to convince the catholic church to consider new ideas.
b. their similarities in the middle east and asia.
c. their independence from government and church control.
d. their willingness to accept both wealthy and poor students.

  I think that the correct option for the question given is the C. Their independence from government and church control.

  The scientific revolution was a series of events that marked the born of the modern society by transforming the views of it about the nature with the development of mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology and chemistry. It took place in Europe after the end of the Renaissance period and last until the late 18th century, influencing the intelectual social movement known as the Enlightenment.

  The scientific revolution was a large period that some authors divided in a two-stage process, the first one focused on recovering the knowledge of the ancients greeks and romans and the second was focused on establishing new conecpts about how to see the world. The completion of this is often attributed to Isaac Newton´s 1687 "Principia". In which he fromulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation.

   All of this could not be achived without the independece of the universities who supported the scientific investigations and establish several modern sciences. Before that the science was not seen as an autonomous discipline because it was believe that had not utilitarian goals. Without the government and church control they could challenge the widespread common sense about God being the creator of everything and this way open the eyes of lots of people to a more rational way of thinking.

  I hope this answer help you. Regards

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serve the people! ,” smoothly translated by julia lovell, offers an initial sample of yan lianke’s writing to an english-speaking audience. a bluntly drawn, mildly erotic fable, it teases mao zedong by poking fun at a true believer who obeys the chairman’s precepts too literally. to a western sensibility, the broad strokes of yan lianke’s humor would seem to pose little risk of inciting rebellion, whether of the flesh or of the body politic. but then, part of the book’s attraction is that it doesn’t have a western sensibility. it lets the reader see — or rather, intuit — what jokes chinese officials don’t consider funny, and how very little it takes for a writer to be branded an incendiary in 21st-century china, more than three decades after the death of mao, a decade after the death of deng xiaoping and seven years since china entered the world trade organization, a move that would seem to signal a willingness (however wary) to mingle with the rest of the world.

impartial means: treating all rivals or disputants equally; fair and just.

i would say that impartial is agreeing with something, because impartial means to treat your rivals, arguments, and reasoning equally and fair. so if you rival says something, agreeing on it means you did the impartial.