Where in this sentence is there a grammatical error?

"by reading history we come to understand that civil wars have occurred in many countries including england, spain, and russia."

Which of the following arguments uses a non sequitur fallacy? a. if we allow students to wear caps to school, soon we'll have to let them wear gang colors. b. you should vote for sylvia for class president because everyone else on the squad is voting for her. c. regulations on motorists should be lifted because factories are a bigger source of pollution. d. the gray wolves of winter falls park should be protected because they need our support.

Secret in slovakia how does the author's use of foreshadowing in the opening paragraphs affect the passage? a. it creates excitement by revealing the narrator's hopes of receiving part of her great-aunt's estate. b. it creates dread through its vivid descriptions of the house; readers are aware that something terrible has happened within those walls. c. it creates mystery by suggesting that the narrator's view of the house will somehow change as a result of her experiences inside. d. it creates a sense of joy and anticipation by hinting that the narrator will be reconnected with her great-aunt.

To meet the needs of commuters in the industrial age, city planners implemented the use of phonographs. provided more horses and carriages. borrowed technology from railroads. constructed new telephone lines.