Adding -ing is the based form of? ?

Yes or no ? a philanthropist is stingy and greedy.

How does this excerpt develop the central idea that espionage during the civil war was often carried out by untrained citizens? it enhances the reader’s understanding by explaining why training was unnecessary. it changes the reader’s perception of what information a spy was able to obtain. it explains an ordinary person’s motivation for conducting espionage against the enemy. it adds moral complexity to espionage, due to the use of secret and dangerous methods.

Select the dangling modifier in the paragraph. yesterday was a rough day. running for the bus, the rain began to pour. then, at guitar lessons, i had to play a song i hadn’t practiced. while walking home, i turned my ankle. my swollen ankle caused me to limp.