Read these excerpts from oliver twist by charles dickens and identify the meaning of each bolded word based on its context.

child as he was, he was desperate with hunger, and reckless with misery. he rose from the table; and advancing to the master, basin and spoon in hand, said: somewhat alarmed at his own temerity: “, sir. i want some more.”

the shop-boys in the neighbourhood had long been in the habit of branding noah in the public streets, with the ignominious epithets of “leathers,” “charity,” and the like; and noah had bourne them without reply

it cannot be expected that this system of farming would produce any very extraordinary or luxuriant crop. oliver twist's ninth birthday found him a pale thin child, somewhat diminutive in stature, and decidedly small in circumference.
temerity =

ignominious =

diminutive =

Temerity - Boldness

Ignominious - Disgraceful

diminutive - Short

These are all synonyms of each other.

In the first paragraph, the narrator puts emphasis on the state of desperation brought by hunger to the child. This situation forces him to take a risk, asking for more food to the master. The word "temerity" is attributed here to the child's display of audacity and boldness.

Next up we have to identify the word "ignominious", which is being used to describe the intentions of embarrassing Noah publicly by the shop-boys who call him names in the streets. The term "ignominious" indicates something that's shameful.

Lastly, the third excerpt describes Oliver Twist's physical state as he turns nine years old. This one is pretty straight forward: the word "diminutive" directly refers to his short stature.

Hope this helps!  

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)