Is this sentence punctuated correctly? newton, and others, should have realized that a static universe would soon start contracting.

No it is not. I believe that there should be no commas. So...

Newton and others should have realized that a static universe would soon start contracting.

Commas mean that there is a brief pause, and it just doesn't sound right with a pause in this sentence.

science.

modern problems require modern solutions.

i think that the best option for this question is

d)to persuade readers that a prince must eradicate the royal family of a conquered principality.

i hope this .