Read the excerpt from chapter 10 of animal farm. years passed. the seasons came and went, the short animal lives fled by. a time came when there was no one who remembered the old days before the rebellion, except clover, benjamin, moses the raven, and a number of the pigs. muriel was dead; bluebell, jessie, and pincher were dead. jones too was dead—he had died in an inebriates' home in another part of the country. snowball was forgotten. boxer was forgotten, except by the few who had known him. clover was an old stout mare now, stiff in the joints and with a tendency to rheumy eyes. she was two years past the retiring age, but in fact no animal had ever actually retired. the talk of setting aside a corner of the pasture for superannuated animals had long since been dropped. napoleon was now a mature boar of twenty-four stone. squealer was so fat that he could with difficulty see out of his eyes. only old benjamin was much the same as ever, except for being a little greyer about the muzzle, and, since boxer's death, more morose and taciturn than ever. there were many more creatures on the farm now, though the increase was not so great as had been expected in earlier years. many animals had been born to whom the rebellion was only a dim tradition, passed on by word of mouth, and others had been bought who had never heard mention of such a thing before their arrival. how does orwell use irony in this excerpt? a. by using humor to demonstrate how few animals remember the rebellion b. by illustrating that the news of the rebellion was exaggerated for dramatic effect c. by building suspense about what the current animals know about the rebellion d. by showing that readers know more about the rebellion than most of the animals

D.by showing that readers know more about the rebellion than most of the animals is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Animal Farm, a novel by English writer George Orwell, tells the story of a farm where animals take control, led by the pigs, to establish a different regime to what they were used to.

In literature, irony is a rhetorical device used by authors to show the contrast between what is expected and the real situation; there is always a real meaning behind the words or situations provided by the speaker. In the excerpt, the real situation is that the animal should know about the rebellion and its effects, but even though the old ones remember, by advancing in the paragraph, readers realize they know more than the characters, which is the real situation; this way, the narrator tells readers that the rebellion has lost its real impact and it is only part of a tradition.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)