What is the poem’s theme or central idea? how does the author use of figurative language or other poetic devices and what effect do those have on the poem? how would you describe the tone of the poem? how would you describe the structure or organization of the poem? the poem is "work without hope"

The poem's theme is about the origin of action. There is a contrast between what sets nature in motion and what sets human beings in motion. Nature works by itself but human beings need to have a goal in life. This goal will ignite action.

These are some examples of  poetic devices in the poem. Personification: " ..winter slumbering in the open air; // wears on his smiling...". Repetition of words: " Nor honey make, nor pair, nor build, nor sing". Alliteration: " ..blow// flow"; "may//..away"; "..stroll// ...soul" // "..sieve//..live". Metaphor: " Work without hope draws...in a seive."  These devices  put emphasis on the poet's lament. Winter is finishing and spring is arriving. Spring makes the natural world work with more energy. The poet contemplates this and feels paralised, without  energy. There is a contrast between the energy in nature and the lack of energy in the poet. By the end of the poem, the poet sets his conclusion: human work is driven by hope.If there is no hope, work becomes useless.

The tone of the poem is sad; it sounds like a lament. The poet is aware of the power in nature but he  wishes he had that drive to move on. As far as the organization is concerned, the poet contemplates nature in the first four lines and expresses his passive attitute towards the natural world in the fifth and  sixth lines. Then, six more lines refer to the poet's attitude towards nature: he knows that nature is in motion by itself. Nature does not need the help of any human soul to make it work.He summarises his point in the last two lines of the poem. This is that human hope is what makes human work function. Human beings should have a goal in life.

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the correct answer would be:  

a. adverb phrase