The reigns of the tudor monarchs were marked by a. international violence, tumult, and a descent into war that marked the end of the english renaissance period. b. the birth of democracy and the beginning of an international call for freedom from oppressive monarchies. c. a spirit of scientific inquiry and exploration, independence from the roman catholic church, and a delight in the arts. d. changes in english currency and an enlightened monetary policy, both of which transformed england into a world manufacturing power.

Read this excerpt from i never had it made. "it's all that ought to count," he replied. "but it isn't. maybe one of these days it will be all that counts. that is one of the reasons i've got you here, robinson. if you're a good enough man, we can make this a start in the right direction. but let me tell you, it's going to take an awful lot of courage." he was back to the crossroads question that made me start to get angry minutes earlier. he asked it slowly and with great care. "have you got the guts to play the game no matter what happens? " "i think i can play the game, mr. rickey," i said. the next few minutes were tough. branch rickey had to make absolutely sure that i knew what i would face. beanballs would be thrown at me. i would be called the kind of names which would hurt and infuriate any man. i would be physically attacked. could i take all of this and control my temper, remain steadfastly loyal to our ultimate aim? which is the central idea of this excerpt?