How does one find the length of a bent beam along its neutral axis

An ideal otto cycle with air as the working fluid has a compression ratio of 8. the minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 300 k and 1340 k. use constant specific heats at room temperature to determine (a) the amount of heat transferred to the air during the heat- addition kj/kg, (b) the thermal efficiency, and (c) the thermal efficiency of a carnot cycle ope limits. process, in rating between the same temperature

Which of the following components of a pid controlled accumulates the error over time and responds to system error after the error has been accumulated? a)- proportional b)- derivative c)- integral d)- on/off.

What is the heat treatment of metals? what is the benefit of it? why and how it's useful? answer in details, do not write by hand.