The fracture strength of glass may be increased by etching away a thin surface layer. It is believed that the etching may alter surface crack geometry (reduce the crack length and increase the tip radius). Compute the ratio of the etched and original crack-tip radii for a fourfold increase in fracture strength if half of the crack length is removed.

Two flowing streams of argon gas are adiabatically mixed to form a single flow/stream. one stream is 1.5 kg/s at 400 kpa and 200 c while the second stream is 2kg/s at 500 kpa and 100 ? . it is stated that the exit state of the mixed single flow of argon gas is 150 c and 300 kpa. assuming there is no work output or input during the mixing process, does this process violate either the first or the second law or both? explain and state all your assumptions.

Carbon dioxide gas expands isotherm a turbine from 1 mpa, 500 k at 200 kpa. assuming the ideal gas model and neglecting the kinetic and potential energies, determine the change in entropy, heat transfer and work for each kilogram of co2.

Air is compressed isentropically from an initial state of 300 k and 101 kpa to a final temperature of 1000 k. determine the final pressure using the following approaches: (a) approximate analysis (using properties at the average temperature) (b) exact analysis