What is the uncertainties/challenges with determine mass of dark matter in galaxies with gravitational lensing?

Refrigerant 134a enters an insulated compressor operating at steady state as saturated vapor at -26°c with a volumetric flow rate of 0.18 m3/s. refrigerant exits at 9 bar, 70°c. changes in kinetic and potential energy from inlet to exit can be ignored. determine the volumetric flow rate at the exit, in m3/s, and the compressor power, in kw.

Carbon dioxide gas expands isotherm a turbine from 1 mpa, 500 k at 200 kpa. assuming the ideal gas model and neglecting the kinetic and potential energies, determine the change in entropy, heat transfer and work for each kilogram of co2.

Compute the pressure drop of 30°c air flowing with a mean velocity of 8 m/s in a circular sheet-metal duct 300 mm in diameter and 15 m long. use a friction factor, f 0.02, and pair = 1.1644 kg/m a. 37.26 pa b. 25.27 pa n c. 29.34 pa d. 30.52 pa