Explain "columnar transposition" for the transposition ciphers using the following plaintext as an example: abcd
efgh
ijkl
mnop

Explain the difference laminar and turbulent flow. explain it with the shear stress and the velocity profiles.

Line joining liquid phase with liquid and solid phase mixture is known as: a) liquidus b) solidus c) tie line d) none of the mentioned

The thermal expansion or contraction of a given metal is a function of the f a)-density b)-initial temperature c)- temperature difference d)- linear coefficient of thermal expansion e)- final temperature f)- original length