How is the finite element analysis technique helpful for a mechanical design engineer? Explain with an example.

Air is to be cooled in the evaporator section of a refrigerator by passing it over a bank of 0.8-cm-outer-diameter and 0.4-m-long tubes inside which the refrigerant is evaporating at -20°c. air approaches the tube bank in the normal direction at 0°c and 1 atm with a mean velocity of 4 m/s. the tubes are arranged in-line with longitudinal and transverse pitches of sl- st 1.5 cm. there are 30 rows in the flow direction with 15 tubes in each row. determine (a) the refrigeration capacity of this system and (b) pressure drop across the tube bank. evaluate the air properties at an assumed mean temperature of -5°c and 1 atm. is this a good assumption?

Ajournal bearing has a journal diameter of 3.250 in with a unilateral tolerance of 20.003 in. the bushing bore has a diameter of 3.256 in and a unilateral tolerance of 0.004 in. the bushing is 2.8 in long and supports a 700-lbf load. the journal speed is 900 rev/min. find the minimum oil film thickness and the maximum film pressure for both sae 20 and sae 20w-30 lubricants, for the tightest assembly if the operating film temperature is 160°f. a computer code is appropriate for solving this problem.

Which of the following ziegler nichols tuning methods the response of the controller to a step input should exhibit an s-shaped curve? a)-open loop mode b)-closed loop mode c)-both modes (open & closed) d)-none of the modes (open & closed)