Three bars each made of different materials are connected together and placed between two walls when the temperature is 12 oC. Determine the force exerted on the rigid supports when the temperature is increased to 25 oC. Also determine the stress in each material at 25 oC.

F = 9.11 x 10³ N = 9.11 KN

Explanation:

The areas, lengths, young's modulus, and coefficient of linear thermal expansion are given in the diagram. First we find the equivalent change in length due to temperature change:

ΔL = (ΔL)steel + (ΔL)brass + (ΔL)Copper

ΔL = (∝s)(Ls)(ΔT) + (∝b)(Lb)(ΔT) + (∝c)(Lc)(ΔT)

where,

ΔL = Equivalent Change in Length = ?

ΔT = Change in Temperature = 25°C - 12°C = 13°C

Ls = Length of Steel Segment = 300 mm = 0.3 m

Lb = Length of Brass Segment = 200 mm = 0.2 m

Lc = Length of Copper Segment = 100 mm = 0.1 m

Therefore,

ΔL = (12 x 10⁻⁶ °C⁻¹)(0.3 m)(13 °C) + (21 x 10⁻⁶ °C⁻¹)(0.2 m)(13 °C) + (17 x 10⁻⁶ °C⁻¹)(0.1 m)(13 °C)

ΔL = 46.8 x 10⁻⁶ m + 54.6 x 10⁻⁶ m + 22.1 x 10⁻⁶ m

ΔL = 123.5 x 10⁻⁶ m   ----------------------- equation (1)

Now, we calculate this deflection in terms of an applied force (F):

ΔL = (F)(Ls)/(Es)(As) + (F)(Lb)/(Eb)(Ab) + (F)(Lc)/(Ec)(Ac)

ΔL = (F)(0.3 m)/(200 x 10⁹ Pa)(200 x 10⁻⁶ m²) + (F)(0.2 m)/(100 x 10⁹ Pa)(450 x 10⁻⁶ m²) + (F)(0.1 m)/(120 x 10⁹ Pa)(515 x 10⁻⁶ m²)

ΔL = F(7.5 x 10⁻⁹ m/N + 4.44 x 10⁻⁹ m/N + 1.61 x 10⁻⁹ m/N)

ΔL = F(13.55 x 10⁻⁹ m/N)   --------------------- equation (1)

Comparing equation (1) and equation (2):

123.5 x 10⁻⁶ m = F(13.55 x 10⁻⁹ m/N)

F = (123.5 x 10⁻⁶ m)/(13.55 x 10⁻⁹ m/N)

F = 9.11 x 10³ N = 9.11 KN

the clapeyron equation (also called the clausius-clapeyron equation) relates the slope of a reaction line on a phase diagram to fundamental thermodynamic properties.

explanation: