Evaluate the total heat losses per unit length from the rod. Energy is generated in a long circular rod that has a diameter of 10 cm; located in a room. Under steady state condition the surface temperature of the rod is 277C, and its surface emissivity is 0.75. The surrounding air and the room wall temperature are at 27C. The convective natural heat transfer coefficient from the rod surface to the surrounding air is 10 W/m2K.

Amixture of slurry and mud is to be pumped through a horizontal pipe of diameter 500 mm. the fluid behaves as a bingham plastic with a yield stress of 30 pa and viscosity 0.04 pa. s. describe the effects of the shear stress through a transverse section of the pipe by plotting the variation in shear stress and velocity profile: (i) just before the slurry starts to move (ii) as the slurry flows when the pressure gradient is double that in part (i)