Engineering
Engineering, 05.09.2020 01:01, mprjug6

The process safety relies on multiple layers of protection. An inherent safe plant depends on chemistry and physics to prevent accidents rather than on special systems, operating procedures .In which of the inherently safer design strategy applies to each of the following( (and why ))?cases which of the inherently safer design strategy why use this strategy (explian)1- Propylene oxidation process instead of Reppe process for manufacture of acrylic esters2- Storing anhydrous ammonia as a refrigerated liquid instead of as a liquefied gas3- Eliminate interconnections to reduce the likelihood of inadvertent mixing4- Using in solution such that the solute would boil off before a runaway reaction temperature was achieved5- A valve that requires 10 turns to close is replaced by a quarter-turn valve.6- The trays on a distillation column are replaced by structured packing, which operates over a wider range of operating conditions7- A plant stores a large quantity of a hazardous intermediate chemical to keep the plant operating during upsets in the upstream process. The intermediate storage is eliminated and the process reliability is improved to prevent upsets and downtime.8- An alternative reaction pathway is used that involves less hazardous raw materials.9- A flammable solvent is used to control the temperature in a reactor. The solvent is replaced by a non-flammable solvent.10- The equipment in a process can withstand 10 bar gauge (barg) of pressure even though the actual process operates normally at 5 barg. The pressure relief valve opening pressure is reduced from 10 barg to 8 barg.

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