Which of the following is not a typical engine modification for reducing emission
A. Lower compression
B. Leaner air- fuel ratio
C. increased valve overlap
D. wider spark plug gaps

The force on a cutting tool are 2600n vertically downward and 2100 horizontal. determine the resultant force acting on the tool and the angle at which it acts.

Adouble-strand no. 60 roller chain is used to transmit power between a 13-tooth driving sprocket rotating at 300 rev/min and a 52-tooth driven sprocket. a) what is the allowable horsepower of this drive? b) estimate the center-to-center distance if the chain length is 82 pitches. c) estimate the torque and bending force on the driving shaft by the chain if the actual horsepower transmitted is 30 percent less than the corrected (allowable) power.

Consider a large isothermal enclosure that is maintained at a uniform temperature of 2000 k. calculate the emissive power of the radiation that emerges from a small aperture on the enclosure surface. what is the wavelength ? , below which 10% of the emission is concentrated? what is the wavelength ? 2 above which 10% of the emission is concentrated? determine the wavelength at which maximum spectral emissive power occurs. what is the irradiation incident on a small object placed inside the enclosure?