The outlet works for a large detention pond is to be a concrete box with 45 degree wingwalls. The box is to be cast in place. The barrel is to have a square cross-section. It should carry a flow of no more than 20 m3/s. with a headwater of 7 m. The available slope for the barrel is 1%. Determine the size of the culvert.

Amass of m 1.5 kg of steam is contained in a closed rigid container. initially the pressure and temperature of the steam are: p 1.5 mpa and t 240°c (superheated state), respectively. then the temperature drops to t2= 100°c as the result of heat transfer to the surroundings. determine: a) quality of the steam at the end of the process, b) heat transfer with the surroundings. for: p1.5 mpa and t 240°c: enthalpy of superheated vapour is 2900 kj/kg, specific volume of superheated vapour is 0. 1483 m/kg, while for t 100°c: enthalpy of saturated liquid water is 419kj/kg, specific volume of saturated liquid water is 0.001043m/kg, enthalpy of saturated vapour is 2676 kj/kg, specific volume of saturated vapour is 1.672 m/kg and pressure is 0.1 mpa.

Give heat transfer applications for the following, (i) gas turbines (propulsion) ) gas turbines (power generation). (iii) steam turbines. (iv) combined heat and power (chp). (v) automotive engines

Ahelical coil spring has a mean diameter of 50 mm, a wire diameter of 5.5 mm and is wound with a pitch of 10 mm. the spring steel has an ultimate strength of 1250 mpa. find the force needed to compress the spring solid and the wire stress in this condition. state whether the spring will return to its initial length.