Consider the voltage-regulator circuit shown in Figure 2. The ac ripple voltage is 1 V
peak to peak. The dc (average) load voltage is 5 V. What is the Q-point current in the
Zener diode? What is the maximum dynamic resistance allowed for the Zener diode if the
output ripple is to be less than 10 mV peak to peak?

Slip occurs via two partial dislocations because of (a) the shorter path of the partial dislocation lines; (b) the lower energy state through partial dislocations; (c) the charge balance.

An ideal otto cycle with air as the working fluid has a compression ratio of 8. the minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 300 k and 1340 k. use constant specific heats at room temperature to determine (a) the amount of heat transferred to the air during the heat- addition kj/kg, (b) the thermal efficiency, and (c) the thermal efficiency of a carnot cycle ope limits. process, in rating between the same temperature

Asteam is contained in a rigid tank with a volume of 1 m3. initially, the pressure and temperature are 7 bar and 500 oc, respectively. the temperature drops due to cooling process. determine: (1) the temperature at which condensation begins in °c, (2) the fraction of the total mass that has condensed when the pressure decreased to 0.5 bar. (3) the volume in m3 occupied by saturated liquid at the final state?