Suppose a random cryptosystem is obtained as follows. The message consists of two independent random variables X, Y both generated by spinning a wheel with arcs labeled 0 and 1, both of lengthes 1/2. Let there be four equiprobalbe keys with the following corresponding encrypting transformations:

K1: (X1, X2) --- > (X1, X2) k2: (X1, X2) --- > (X2, X1) k3: (X1, X2) --- > (X1, (X1+X2) mod 2) k4: (X1, X2) --- > ((X1+X2) mod 2, X1)

Calculate the entropy of the cyphertext.

YE

Explanation:

Although butter is high in calories and fat, it contains a variety of important nutrients as well. For example, it's a good source of vitamin A, a fat-soluble vitamin needed for skin health, immune function, and healthy vision

What is the MAIN responsibility of the President according to the Constitution? *

Explanation:

A massive asteroid impact would create long-term changes in the atmosphere and climate of the planet. Upon impact, vaporized dirt and rock would fill the atmosphere, blocking sunlight and creating a state of near-permanent darkness and winter-like conditions.