Calculate the total time required to transfer a 1000-KB (KB: Kilo-Byte) file in the following cases, assuming a Round Trip Time (RTT) of 50ms, a packet size of 1KB, and an initial 2*RTT of handshaking to establish the connection before data is sent (1 points):

(a) the bandwidth is 1.5Mbps (million bits per second), and data packets can be sent continuously.
(b) the bandwidth is still 1.5Mbps, but we use a protocol with ACK to improve reliability. After we finish sending each data packet we must wait one RTT to receive ACK before sending the next.

Machinery that is a key part of the process and without which the plant or process cannot function is classifed as: (clo4) a)-critical machinery b)-essential machinery c)-general purpose machinery d)-none of the specified options.

A3-mm-thick panel of aluminum alloy (k 177 w/m-k, c 875 j/kg-k and ? = 2770 kg/m) is finished on both sides with an epoxy coating that must be cured at or above t,-150°c for at least 5 min. the production line for the curing operation involves two steps: (1) heating in a large oven with air at ts,0-175°c and a convection coefficient of h, 40 w/m2. k, and (2) cooling in a large chamber with air at 25°c and a con- vection coefficient of he 10 w/m2.k. the heating portion of the process is conducted over a time interval te which exceeds the ime required to reach 150°c by 5 min (h = r + 300 s). the coating has an emissivity of ? = 0.8, and the temperatures of the oven and chamber walls are 175 and 25°c, respectively. if the panel is placed in the oven at an initial temperature of 25°c and removed from the chamber at a safe-to-touch tempera ture of 37°c, what is the total elapsed time for the two-step curing operation?

For a gate width of 2 m into the paper, determine the force required to hold the gate abc at its location.